The Comprehensive Peace Agreement ending the war between the Government of Sudan and the Southern People's Liberation Army was signed in January 2005. With this peace, wealth sharing, NGO and donor generosity, and a growing diaspora abroad, southern Sudan might experience rapid economic development. But there are, however, a host of challenges, most important being the absence of institutions of governance and extremely low literacy. This module places development in southern Sudan in the context of theories of human-centered development, providing an understanding of the important choices about economic and sectoral policy, the advantages and disadvantages of a market economy, the role of public goods such as schooling and infrastructure, and the central role of finance in development. Teachers and students gain an appreciation of the immense disparities between their material lives and those of people emerging from war-torn southern Sudan.